# Cert™

{% hint style="danger" %}
The information below is only true for United States cases. To see citation information for other jurisdictions, please read our article on [Treatment Types](https://support.vlex.com/document-types/case-law/treatment-types).

Please contact your Account Manager if you cannot see Cert citations and you have access to our US content.
{% endhint %}

Cert shows negative treatments resulting from combining case-to-case citations, relevant language patterns, and appellate history. We have combined superior technology with a dedicated team of lawyers with years of editorial expertise to create a superior review process.

<figure><img src="https://1556743161-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-MS8Dq_iqEIflAmbaOkI-887967055%2Fuploads%2FnzNIK4XwWDDdDNEe0CTR%2FCert%20Results%20Page.png?alt=media&#x26;token=77e792f1-bf11-409a-983a-bc6e5ce9cafc" alt=""><figcaption><p>Image of Cert Citation on the Results Page.</p></figcaption></figure>

{% hint style="success" %}
Cert is available for the following US courts:

* Supreme Court
* Federal Circuit Courts

For all states and DC\*:

* The court of last resort/highest court in the state
* Appellate courts

\*Does not include Puerto Rico, USVI, Guam, American Samoa, or Tribal.
{% endhint %}

A negative citator aims to identify the most negative treatment available for each case.

Cert focuses on red (warning) and orange (questioned) treatments. They indicate that a point of law has been overturned, disputed, or questioned; or that a case’s precedential value has been impugned in some way.

## <mark style="color:red;">Red</mark> (Warning) Treatments

* Overrule
* Vacate
* Disavow
* Reverse
* Abrogate
* Supercede

## <mark style="color:orange;">Orange</mark> (Questioned) Treatments

* Criticize
* Disagree
* Decline to Follow
* Decline to Extend

{% hint style="success" %}
Cert treatments for all cases are updated **weekly**, with special exceptions for highly impactful federal cases.
{% endhint %}

Treatments will be displayed alongside the case name on both the [results page](https://support.vlex.com/getting-started/search-results) and within the [case](https://support.vlex.com/document-types/case-law) itself.&#x20;

<figure><img src="https://1556743161-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-MS8Dq_iqEIflAmbaOkI-887967055%2Fuploads%2FfrQ01h9CXheWQ72BEXby%2FCert%20%231%20(online-video-cutter.com)%20%5BMConverter.eu%5D.webp?alt=media&#x26;token=4dd0c59b-15c0-42a5-89e9-a421a7d2571f" alt=""><figcaption><p>Where to find Cert citations on vLex.</p></figcaption></figure>

You can view additional details by selecting the treatment.

<figure><img src="https://1556743161-files.gitbook.io/~/files/v0/b/gitbook-x-prod.appspot.com/o/spaces%2F-MS8Dq_iqEIflAmbaOkI-887967055%2Fuploads%2FuLr8kvEDy8u6XZGZeo4d%2FCert%20%232%20(online-video-cutter.com)%20%5BMConverter.eu%5D.webp?alt=media&#x26;token=241df9b6-c102-4e88-a0bb-7bcac410c1ce" alt=""><figcaption><p>Click on a citation with an arrow under to view more details.</p></figcaption></figure>

The treatments will still show on the [Cited Authorities](https://support.vlex.com/document-types/case-law/cited-authorities) and [Cited In](https://support.vlex.com/document-types/case-law/cited-in) tabs as normal.&#x20;