Cert™

View negative citations on US cases quickly on the vLex platform.

Cert shows negative treatments resulting from combining case-to-case citations, relevant language patterns, and appellate history. We have combined superior technology with a dedicated team of lawyers with years of editorial expertise to create a superior review process.

Image of Cert Citation on the Results Page.

A negative citator aims to identify the most negative treatment available for each case.

Cert focuses on red (warning) and orange (questioned) treatments. They indicate that a point of law has been overturned, disputed, or questioned; or that a case’s precedential value has been impugned in some way.

Red (Warning) Treatments

  • Overrule

  • Vacate

  • Disavow

  • Reverse

  • Abrogate

  • Supercede

Orange (Questioned) Treatments

  • Criticize

  • Disagree

  • Decline to Follow

  • Decline to Extend

Treatments will be displayed alongside the case name on both the results page and within the case itself.

Where to find Cert citations on vLex.

You can view additional details by selecting the treatment.

Click on a citation with an arrow under to view more details.

The treatments will still show on the Cited Authorities and Cited In tabs as normal.

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